滑环是如何用于风力涡轮机的？

How are slip rings used in wind turbines?
 A Deublin slip ring 


滑环可以可靠地将动力和信号从机舱中的固定电缆传输到轮毂中的旋转设备。滑环总成通常是固体金属和石墨或贵金属钢丝刷，与旋转金属环的外径接触。当圆环转动时，电流或信号通过刷子传到金属环上进行连接。附加的环刷组件沿着旋转轴堆叠，以获得更多的电路。A slip ring can provide a reliable transmission of power and signals from stationary cables in the nacelle to rotating equipment in the hub. A slip ring assembly is often a solid metal and graphite or precious-metal wire brush, which contacts the outside diameter of a rotating metal ring. As the ring turns, electrical current or signal conducts through the brush to the metal ring making the connection. Additional ring-brush assemblies are stacked along the rotating axis for more electrical circuits.


在售后市场上寻找新的变桨控制滑环的活动增加。Moog的高级业务开发经理Steve Black说：“随着涡轮机人口的老龄化和资产所有者正在寻找控制维护成本、*大限度地提高涡轮机可用性和输出的方法，风力涡轮机服务市场正在大幅增长。”“需要新的解决方案，用长寿命、高可靠性的设计取代旧技术的涡轮滑环，这种设计可以在无需维护的情况下运行多年。”Look for increased activity for anew pitch-control slip ring in the aftermarket. “The wind-turbine service market is growing tremendously as the turbine population ages and asset owners are looking for ways to control maintenance costs, and maximize turbine availability and output,” says Moog’s Senior Business Development Manager Steve Black. “New solutions are needed to replace older technology slip rings in turbines with long-life, high-reliability designs that can operate for years without maintenance.“


 
一个理想的螺距滑环将被安装和遗忘。现在使用的许多设计都需要定期维护，以清除磨损碎片、冲洗油和污垢，并重新润滑。更换整个滑环的间隔时间被认为是短的。在推动原始设备制造商降低成本的同时，运营商也被推动加入产品，以减少技术人员进入涡轮机的需要。让涡轮技术人员远离机舱将降低成本并提高输出。布莱克说：“这是资产所有者的目标，也是我们风能业务售后市场的重点。”An ideal pitch slip ring would be installed and forgotten. Many designs in use today require periodic maintenance to clean away wear debris, flush out oil and dirt, and relubricate. Replacing the entire slip ring comes at intervals that are considered short.  While OEMs are pushed to lower-cost components, operators are pushed to incorporate products that reduce the need for technicians to be in the turbines. Keeping the turbine technicians out of the nacelle will keep costs down and outputs up. “That is the goal for asset owners and the focus of efforts in the aftermarket portion of our wind energy business,” says Black.



在变桨滑环中，设计趋势至少在两个方面。“首先，随着涡轮设计功率输出和尺寸的增加，对变桨滑环的要求是更高的功率传递，”布莱克说。第二，数据处理和信号需求不断增加，以在集线器中提供额外的状态监控。接触技术的耐久性足以在极端运行情况下处理功率峰值，这一点至关重要。“同样重要的是，需要保护数据线不受电源线的潜在串扰（杂散信号或噪声）的影响。In a pitch slip ring, design trends are on at least two fronts. “First, as turbine designs increase in power output and size, the demand on the pitch slip ring is higher power transfer,” says Black. “Second, data handling and signal demands are increasing to provide additional condition monitoring in the hub. It is critical that the contact technologies be durable enough to handle power peaks at the extremes of operation.” Equally important is a need to protect data lines from potential cross talk (stray signals or noise) from power lines.


 
另一个趋势是更完整的音调控制。布莱克说：“这将包括轮毂控制、变桨驱动电机、备用电源、叶片监控和滑环通道，以通过旋转接口传输功率和控制信号。”Another trend is toward more complete pitch controls. “These would include hub controls, pitch-drive motors, power back-up, blade monitoring, and slip-ring channels to transfer the power and control signals through the rotary interface,” says Black.


高可靠性要求鼓励一些公司设计非接触式滑环。一种是感应耦合功率传输装置。感应功率传递采用电磁感应原理。一家新的Zeeland Base PowerByProxi制造商说，它的滑环通过使用无线能量传输来实现高效率的工作，这种传输可以在现场实现自我协调。该公司说，这使得系统能够抵抗环境条件和负荷变化的变化。The high-reliability quest has encouraged some companies to devise non-contacting slip rings. One is an inductively coupled power transfer device. Inductive-power transfer applies the principle of electromagnetic inductance. One manufacturer, New Zeeland-base PowerbyProxi, says its slip rings work at high efficiencies by using wireless power transfer that can harmonize itself in the field. The company says this makes the systems resistant to changes in environmental conditions and load variations.


例如，当内置数据通信系统切换电源以满足无线接收器的不同设备要求时，电源以单负载传输。通过这种方式，滑环为风力涡轮机的变桨控制提供无线电源和数据，通过降低维护和更换现有机械滑环及其碳刷的成本来提高效率。该公司表示，任何尺寸的涡轮机都可以得到支持。Power transmits as a single load while a built-in data-communications system switches power, for example, to meet different device requirements of wireless receivers. In this way, the slip rings provide wireless power and data to pitch control in wind turbines, improving efficiency by reducing the cost of maintaining and replacing existing mechanical slip rings and their carbon brushes. Any size turbine can be supported, says the company.